A neuropsychologist is a doctoral-level psychologist who specializes in the study of brain-behavior relationships such as language, learning and memory, and higher level thinking (referred to as "cognition").  The neuropsychologist spends about eight to ten years (college, graduate school, post-graduate training) learning how to evaluate and treat individuals who have sustained an injury to the brain, who develop a disease of the brain, or who have a developmental disorder that may have affected the brain since birth.